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Structural steel properties and applications 2024-1-02

Sheets are primarily used in construction, bridge construction, and in the manufacture of steel structures for general applications. There is a strong demand in this field for carbon and low alloy rolled steels with good weldability, high strength, ductility and crack resistance. For certain applications, structural rolled steel should have improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion.

Application structural steel and general steel

Structural steel plates for steel structure fabrication:

Welded H-shaped steel, columns and other support profiles made by cutting steel plates
Architectural floors and superstructure elements for bridges, high lines and galleries
Medium and large diameter pipes, used both for utility lines (ducts, chimneys, cables, etc.) and as supports for buildings and bridges

Increased strength and high-strength structural steel plates make it possible to create steel structures that can withstand greater forces or reduce the overall metal consumption under a project by reducing the cross-sectional size of high-strength steel members, compared to conventional materials with the same compressive strength. The use of thermo-mechanically rolled or quenched steel plates for welded columns in modern high-rise buildings can save 20-30% of rolled steel.

Structural steel applications

construction and renovation

bridge construction

Playground Equipment

Manufacturing of lifting equipment

Classification and properties of structural steel

Structural steel plates used in buildings, bridge construction and other steel structure fabrication are produced according to international and national standards, the most common of which are:

The European standard EN 10025 and its Ukrainian equivalent DSTU EN 10025 “Hot-rolled structural steel products” (six parts) specifies the requirements for hot-rolled non-alloy steels, normalized steels, thermo-mechanically rolled and quenched steels and modified atmosphere steels. Technical delivery conditions Corrosion resistance
American standards ASTM A36/A36M, ASME A36/A36M, ASTM A283/A283M, ASME A283/A283M, ASTM A514/A514M, ASME A514/A514M, ASTM A572/A572M, ASME A572/A572M, ASTM A573/A573M, ASTM A633/ A633M, ASTM A709/A709M, ASTM A830/A830M, etc., describing specifications for standard-strength, medium-strength, and high-strength carbon, low-alloy, and alloy structural steel rolled materials
Canadian Structural Steel Standard CSA-G 40.21
Japanese standards for rolled steel for general structures (including welded structures) JIS G 3101, JIS G 3106
Ukrainian and CIS standards DSTU 8803/GOST 14637, GOST 1577, DSTU 8541/GOST 19281, DSTU 8539/GOST 27772, DSTU 7806/GOST 4543, DSTU 8817/GOST – 11650 -97 and other structural steel specifications and regulations

Standards and regulations for structural and general sheet materials include steel composition, mechanical properties (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, impact energy, etc.) and other quality parameters of the product used in this application.
Some bridge construction standards also impose requirements on the surface quality of shot blasting panels.

Dimensions are hight Require:	Thickness: 4-200 mm, Width: 1500-3800 mm, Length: <20000 mm
weight	<20 tons
Steel type hight demand	S235JR, S235J0, S235J2, S275JR, S275J0, S275J2, S355JR, S355J0, S355J2, S355K2, S355N, S355M, S355ML, S420M, S420ML, S460M, S460ML, S460Q, S460QL, S460QL1, S500Q, S500QL, S500QL1, S550Q, S550QL, S550QL1, S620Q, S620QL, S620QL1, S690Q, S690QL, S690QL1, S235J0W, S235J2W, S355J0WP, S355J2WP, S355J0W, S355J2W, S355K2W, A36/A36M, 36, 50, 50W, 1045, St3ps, St3sp, St4ps, St4sp, St5ps, St5sp, 15ps, 15sp, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 09G2, 09G2S, 10ХSND, 15HSND, etc
delivery conditions	Hot rolled, normalized rolled or normalized, thermomechanically rolled, quenched and moved

Production of structural and general steel plates

Structural panels are mainly produced on reversing hot rolling mills (hot rolled coils can also be cut into sheets). Continuously cast or hot-rolled slabs are used as raw materials for the production of flat products. Plate is produced by conventional hot rolling or using special heat deformation process and finished product heat treatment. The main types of sheet metalworking processes used in construction and general applications include:

Hot rolling is a metal processing process in which metal is deformed at high temperatures and then air cooled. Both the rolling temperature and the rolling finish temperature are within the austenite recrystallization temperature range and exceed typical normalizing temperatures.
Annealing is a heat treatment process outside the rolling line. It heats the steel to above the phase transformation temperature and then slowly maintains and cools it in the furnace. After annealing, the steel acquires higher ductility and lower hardness. There are different types of annealing namely partial annealing, complete annealing, low temperature annealing, diffusion annealing and recrystallization annealing. If the material cools in air rather than in a furnace after heating, the process is called normalizing. This heat treatment increases the strength of the steel compared to annealed steel.
Normalizing rolling is a deformation process of steel at high temperatures. Full deformation occurs at normalizing temperature and austenite is completely recrystallized.
Quenching and tempering are heat treatment processes that improve the strength of steel. Quenching involves heating to a given temperature (over Ас3), holding and cooling at high speed using various media (water, oil, ether, etc.) In order to release the internal stress after quenching, the rolled steel is tempered to a temperature as required performance control.
Thermomechanically Controlled Process (TMCP) is a technology that provides strict temperature and deformation control during hot deformation in rolling mills. No other treatment process offers properties like TMCP.

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